How to Create a Keyword-Driven Framework in Selenium WebDriver

A keyword-driven framework is a powerful approach to test automation that separates test logic from test scripts. By using keywords, you can create reusable and maintainable test cases. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the steps to build a keyword-driven framework in Selenium WebDriver.

What Is a Keyword-Driven Framework?

A keyword-driven framework is a type of test automation framework where test cases are written using keywords. These keywords represent actions like "click," "type," or "verify." The framework interprets these keywords to execute the corresponding Selenium WebDriver commands.

Benefits of a Keyword-Driven Framework

• Reusability: Keywords can be reused across multiple test cases.
• Maintainability: Changes to keywords are reflected in all test cases.
• Readability: Test cases are easy to understand, even for non-technical users.

Steps to Create a Keyword-Driven Framework

1. Define Your Keywords

Start by listing the actions your tests will perform. Common keywords include:

• openBrowser
• navigateToURL
• click
• type
• verifyText

2. Create a Keyword Library

Implement methods in Selenium WebDriver for each keyword. For example:

public void click(String locator) {
  driver.findElement(By.xpath(locator)).click();
}

3. Store Test Data Separately

Use Excel or CSV files to store test data and keywords. Each row represents a test step with columns for keyword, locator, and value.

4. Build a Test Runner

Create a script to read the test data file, execute the corresponding keywords, and log results.

5. Add Reporting

Integrate a reporting tool like ExtentReports to generate detailed test execution reports.

Example: Keyword-Driven Test Case

Here’s a sample test case using keywords:

openBrowser, chrome
navigateToURL, https://example.com
type, id=username, admin
click, id=loginButton
verifyText, id=welcomeMessage, Welcome Admin

Conclusion

A keyword-driven framework in Selenium WebDriver simplifies test automation by making it modular and reusable. By following these steps, you can build a robust framework that improves efficiency and reduces maintenance effort.